Representation of a Kudu client session. More...

#include <client.h>

Inheritance diagram for kudu::client::KuduSession:

Public Types
enum	FlushMode { AUTO_FLUSH_SYNC, AUTO_FLUSH_BACKGROUND, MANUAL_FLUSH }
	Modes of flush operations. More...

enum	ExternalConsistencyMode { CLIENT_PROPAGATED, COMMIT_WAIT }
	The possible external consistency modes on which Kudu operates. More...

Public Member Functions
Status	SetFlushMode (FlushMode m) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT

Status	SetExternalConsistencyMode (ExternalConsistencyMode m) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT

Status	SetMutationBufferSpace (size_t size_bytes) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT

Status	SetMutationBufferFlushWatermark (double watermark_pct) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT

Status	SetMutationBufferFlushInterval (unsigned int millis) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT

Status	SetMutationBufferMaxNum (unsigned int max_num) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT

void	SetTimeoutMillis (int millis)

Status	Apply (KuduWriteOperation *write_op) WARN_UNUSED_RESULT

Status	Flush () WARN_UNUSED_RESULT

void	FlushAsync (KuduStatusCallback *cb)

Status	Close () WARN_UNUSED_RESULT

bool	HasPendingOperations () const

int	CountBufferedOperations () const

int	CountPendingErrors () const

void	GetPendingErrors (std::vector< KuduError * > errors, bool overflowed)

KuduClient *	client () const

Friends
class	KuduClient

class	internal::Batcher

class	ClientTest

Detailed Description

Representation of a Kudu client session.

A KuduSession belongs to a specific KuduClient, and represents a context in which all read/write data access should take place. Within a session, multiple operations may be accumulated and batched together for better efficiency. Settings like timeouts, priorities, and trace IDs are also set per session.

A KuduSession's main purpose is for grouping together multiple data-access operations together into batches or transactions. It is important to note the distinction between these two:

A batch is a set of operations which are grouped together in order to amortize fixed costs such as RPC call overhead and round trip times. A batch DOES NOT imply any ACID-like guarantees. Within a batch, some operations may succeed while others fail, and concurrent readers may see partial results. If the client crashes mid-batch, it is possible that some of the operations will be made durable while others were lost.
In contrast, a transaction is a set of operations which are treated as an indivisible semantic unit, per the usual definitions of database transactions and isolation levels.

Note: Kudu does not currently support transactions! They are only mentioned in the above documentation to clarify that batches are not transactional and should only be used for efficiency.

KuduSession is separate from KuduTable because a given batch or transaction may span multiple tables. This is particularly important in the future when we add ACID support, but even in the context of batching, we may be able to coalesce writes to different tables hosted on the same server into the same RPC.

KuduSession is separate from KuduClient because, in a multi-threaded application, different threads may need to concurrently execute transactions. Similar to a JDBC "session", transaction boundaries will be delineated on a per-session basis – in between a "BeginTransaction" and "Commit" call on a given session, all operations will be part of the same transaction. Meanwhile another concurrent Session object can safely run non-transactional work or other transactions without interfering.

Additionally, there is a guarantee that writes from different sessions do not get batched together into the same RPCs – this means that latency-sensitive clients can run through the same KuduClient object as throughput-oriented clients, perhaps by setting the latency-sensitive session's timeouts low and priorities high. Without the separation of batches, a latency-sensitive single-row insert might get batched along with 10MB worth of inserts from the batch writer, thus delaying the response significantly.

Though we currently do not have transactional support, users will be forced to use a KuduSession to instantiate reads as well as writes. This will make it more straight-forward to add RW transactions in the future without significant modifications to the API.

Users who are familiar with the Hibernate ORM framework should find this concept of a Session familiar.

Note: This class is not thread-safe.

Member Enumeration Documentation

enum kudu::client::KuduSession::ExternalConsistencyMode

The possible external consistency modes on which Kudu operates.

Enumerator

CLIENT_PROPAGATED

The response to any write will contain a timestamp. Any further calls from the same client to other servers will update those servers with that timestamp. Following write operations from the same client will be assigned timestamps that are strictly higher, enforcing external consistency without having to wait or incur any latency penalties.

In order to maintain external consistency for writes between two different clients in this mode, the user must forward the timestamp from the first client to the second by using KuduClient::GetLatestObservedTimestamp() and KuduClient::SetLatestObservedTimestamp().

This is the default external consistency mode.

Warning: Failure to propagate timestamp information through back-channels between two different clients will negate any external consistency guarantee under this mode.

COMMIT_WAIT

The server will guarantee that write operations from the same or from other client are externally consistent, without the need to propagate timestamps across clients. This is done by making write operations wait until there is certainty that all follow up write operations (operations that start after the previous one finishes) will be assigned a timestamp that is strictly higher, enforcing external consistency.

Warning: Depending on the clock synchronization state of TabletServers this may imply considerable latency. Moreover operations in COMMIT_WAIT external consistency mode will outright fail if TabletServer clocks are either unsynchronized or synchronized but with a maximum error which surpasses a pre-configured threshold.

enum kudu::client::KuduSession::FlushMode

Modes of flush operations.

Enumerator

AUTO_FLUSH_SYNC

Every write will be sent to the server in-band with the Apply() call. No batching will occur. In this mode, the Flush() call never has any effect, since each Apply() call has already flushed the buffer. This is the default flush mode.

AUTO_FLUSH_BACKGROUND

Apply() calls will return immediately (unless there is not enough buffer space to accommodate the newly added operations), but the writes will be sent in the background, potentially batched together with other writes from the same session. If there is not sufficient buffer space, Apply() blocks for buffer space to become available.

Because writes are applied in the background, any errors will be stored in a session-local buffer. Call CountPendingErrors() or GetPendingErrors() to retrieve them.

In this mode, calling the FlushAsync() or Flush() methods causes a flush that normally would have happened at some point in the near future to happen right now. The Flush() call can be used to block until the current batch is sent and the reclaimed space is available for new operations.

Todo:: Provide an API for the user to specify a callback to do their own error reporting.

MANUAL_FLUSH

Apply() calls will return immediately, and the writes will not be sent until the user calls Flush(). If the buffer runs past the configured space limit, then Apply() will return an error.

Member Function Documentation

Status kudu::client::KuduSession::Apply ( KuduWriteOperation * write_op )

Todo:: Add "doAs" ability here for proxy servers to be able to act on behalf of other users, assuming access rights.

Apply the write operation.

The behavior of this function depends on the current flush mode. Regardless of flush mode, however, Apply() may begin to perform processing in the background for the call (e.g. looking up the tablet, etc). Given that, an error may be queued into the PendingErrors structure prior to flushing, even in MANUAL_FLUSH mode.

In case of any error, which may occur during flushing or because the write_op is malformed, the write_op is stored in the session's error collector which may be retrieved at any time.

A KuduSession accumulates write operations submitted via the Apply() method in mutation buffers. A KuduSession always has at least one mutation buffer. In any flush mode, this call may block if the maximum number of mutation buffers per session is reached (use KuduSession::SetMutationBufferMaxNum() to set the limit on maximum number of batchers).

Parameters

[in] write_op Operation to apply. This method transfers the write_op's ownership to the KuduSession.

Returns: Operation result status.

KuduClient* kudu::client::KuduSession::client ( ) const

Returns: Client for the session: pointer to the associated client object.

Status kudu::client::KuduSession::Close ( )

Returns: Status of the session closure. In particular, an error is returned if there are unflushed or in-flight operations.

int kudu::client::KuduSession::CountBufferedOperations ( ) const

Get number of buffered operations (not the same as 'pending').

Note that this is different than HasPendingOperations() above, which includes operations which have been sent and not yet responded to. This is only relevant in MANUAL_FLUSH mode, where the result will not decrease except for after a manual flush, after which point it will be 0. In the other flush modes, data is immediately put en-route to the destination, so this will return 0.

Returns: The number of buffered operations. These are operations that have not yet been flushed – i.e. they are not en-route yet.

int kudu::client::KuduSession::CountPendingErrors ( ) const

Get error count for pending operations.

Errors may accumulate in session's lifetime; use this method to see how many errors happened since last call of GetPendingErrors() method.

Returns: Total count of errors accumulated during the session.

Status kudu::client::KuduSession::Flush ( )

Flush any pending writes.

This method initiates flushing of the current batch of buffered write operations, if any, and then awaits for completion of all pending operations of the session. I.e., after successful return from this method no pending operations should be left in the session.

In AUTO_FLUSH_SYNC mode, calling this method has no effect, since every Apply() call flushes itself inline.

Returns: Operation result status. In particular, returns a non-OK status if there are any pending errors after the rows have been flushed. Callers should then use GetPendingErrors to determine which specific operations failed.

void kudu::client::KuduSession::FlushAsync ( KuduStatusCallback * cb )

Flush any pending writes asynchronously.

This method schedules a background flush of the latest batch of buffered write operations. Provided callback is invoked upon the flush completion of the latest batch of buffered write operations. If there were errors while flushing the operations, corresponding 'not OK' status is passed as a parameter for the callback invocation. Callers should then use GetPendingErrors() to determine which specific operations failed.

In the case that the async version of this method is used, then the callback will be called upon completion of the operations which were buffered since the last flush. In other words, in the following sequence:

session->Insert(a);
session->FlushAsync(callback_1);
session->Insert(b);
session->FlushAsync(callback_2);

... callback_2 will be triggered once b has been inserted, regardless of whether a has completed or not. That means there might be pending operations left in prior batches even after the the callback has been invoked to report on the flush status of the latest batch.

Note: This also means that, if FlushAsync is called twice in succession, with no intervening operations, the second flush will return immediately. For example:
session->Insert(a);

session->FlushAsync(callback_1); // called when 'a' is inserted

session->FlushAsync(callback_2); // called immediately!

Note that, as in all other async functions in Kudu, the callback may be called either from an IO thread or the same thread which calls FlushAsync. The callback should not block.

Parameters

[in] cb Callback to call upon flush completion. The cb must remain valid until it is invoked.

void kudu::client::KuduSession::GetPendingErrors	(	std::vector< KuduError * > *	errors,
		bool *	overflowed
	)

Get information on errors from previous session activity.

The information on errors are reset upon calling this method.

Parameters

[out]	errors	Pointer to the container to fill with error info objects. Caller takes ownership of the returned errors in the container.
[out]	overflowed	If there were more errors than could be held in the session's error storage, then `overflowed` is set to `true`.

bool kudu::client::KuduSession::HasPendingOperations ( ) const

Check if there are any pending operations in this session.

Returns: true if there are operations which have not yet been delivered to the cluster. This may include buffered operations (i.e. those that have not yet been flushed) as well as in-flight operations (i.e. those that are in the process of being sent to the servers).

Todo:: Maybe "incomplete" or "undelivered" is clearer?

Status kudu::client::KuduSession::SetExternalConsistencyMode ( ExternalConsistencyMode m )

Set external consistency mode for the session.

Parameters

[in] m External consistency mode to set.

Returns: Operation result status.

Status kudu::client::KuduSession::SetFlushMode ( FlushMode m )

Set the flush mode.

Precondition: There should be no pending writes – call Flush() first to ensure nothing is pending.

Parameters

[in] m Flush mode to set.

Returns: Operation status.

Status kudu::client::KuduSession::SetMutationBufferFlushInterval ( unsigned int millis )

Set the interval for time-based flushing of the mutation buffer.

In some cases, while running in AUTO_FLUSH_BACKGROUND mode, the size of the mutation buffer for pending operations and the flush watermark for fresh operations may be too high for the rate of incoming data: it would take too long to accumulate enough data in the buffer to trigger flushing. I.e., it makes sense to flush the accumulated operations if the prior flush happened long time ago. This method sets the wait interval for the time-based flushing which takes place along with the flushing triggered by the over-the-watermark criterion. By default, the interval is set to 1000 ms (i.e. 1 second).

Note: This setting is applicable only for AUTO_FLUSH_BACKGROUND sessions. I.e., calling this method in other flush modes is safe, but the parameter has no effect until the session is switched into AUTO_FLUSH_BACKGROUND mode.

Parameters

[in] millis The duration of the interval for the time-based flushing, in milliseconds.

Returns: Operation result status.

Status kudu::client::KuduSession::SetMutationBufferFlushWatermark ( double watermark_pct )

Set the buffer watermark to trigger flush in AUTO_FLUSH_BACKGROUND mode.

This method sets the watermark for fresh operations in the buffer when running in AUTO_FLUSH_BACKGROUND mode: once the specified threshold is reached, the session starts sending the accumulated write operations to the appropriate tablet servers. By default, the buffer flush watermark is to to 80%.

Note: This setting is applicable only for AUTO_FLUSH_BACKGROUND sessions. I.e., calling this method in other flush modes is safe, but the parameter has no effect until the session is switched into AUTO_FLUSH_BACKGROUND mode.; The buffer contains data for fresh (i.e. newly submitted) operations and also operations which are scheduled for flush or being flushed. The flush watermark determines how much of the buffer space is taken by newly submitted operations. Setting this level to 1.0 (i.e. 100%) results in flushing the buffer only when the newly applied operation would overflow the buffer.

Parameters

[in] watermark_pct Watermark level as percentage of the mutation buffer size.

Returns: Operation result status.

Status kudu::client::KuduSession::SetMutationBufferMaxNum ( unsigned int max_num )

Set the maximum number of mutation buffers per KuduSession object.

A KuduSession accumulates write operations submitted via the Apply() method in mutation buffers. A KuduSession always has at least one mutation buffer. The mutation buffer which accumulates new incoming operations is called the current mutation buffer. The current mutation buffer is flushed either explicitly using the KuduSession::Flush() and/or KuduSession::FlushAsync() methods or it's done by the KuduSession automatically if running in AUTO_FLUSH_BACKGROUND mode. After flushing the current mutation buffer, a new buffer is created upon calling KuduSession::Apply(), provided the limit is not exceeded. A call to KuduSession::Apply() blocks if it's at the maximum number of buffers allowed; the call unblocks as soon as one of the pending batchers finished flushing and a new batcher can be created.

The minimum setting for this parameter is 1 (one). The default setting for this parameter is 2 (two).

Parameters

[in] max_num The maximum number of mutation buffers per KuduSession object to hold the applied operations. Use 0 to set the maximum number of concurrent mutation buffers to unlimited.

Returns: Operation result status.

Status kudu::client::KuduSession::SetMutationBufferSpace ( size_t size_bytes )

Set the amount of buffer space used by this session for outbound writes.

The effect of the buffer size varies based on the flush mode of the session:

AUTO_FLUSH_SYNC since no buffering is done, this has no effect.
AUTO_FLUSH_BACKGROUND if the buffer space is exhausted, then write calls will block until there is space available in the buffer.
MANUAL_FLUSH if the buffer space is exhausted, then write calls will return an error

By default, the buffer space is set to 7 MiB (i.e. 7 * 1024 * 1024 bytes).

Parameters

[in] size_bytes Size of the buffer space to set (number of bytes).

Returns: Operation result status.

void kudu::client::KuduSession::SetTimeoutMillis ( int millis )

Set the timeout for writes made in this session.

Parameters

[in] millis Timeout to set in milliseconds; should be greater or equal to 0. If the parameter value is less than 0, it's implicitly set to 0.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

include/kudu/client/client.h

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Friends

Detailed Description

Member Enumeration Documentation

Member Function Documentation